Neanderthals, or Homo neanderthalensis are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
The reasons for Neanderthal extinction are disputed, theories include demographic factors such as small population size and inbreeding; competitive replacement; interbreeding and assimilation with homo sapiens; climate change; disease; or a combination of these factors.
00:00:00 | Opening
00:02:36 | Discovery
00:04:27 | Genetic relationship and evolution
00:07:32 | Distribution and population
00:08:50 | Anatomy
00:17:56 | Appearance
00:20:11 | Genetic populations
00:21:35 | Diet
00:27:02 | Predators
00:30:06 | Food storage and cooking
00:32:44 | Cannibalism
00:35:22 | Tool use
00:42:27 | Climate
00:43:27 | Clothing
00:45:17 | Possible hibernation
00:46:10 | Shelter
00:48:07 | Seafaring
00:49:28 | Injuries and medicines
00:54:01 | Accessory
00:59:07 | Possible musical instrument
01:00:14 | Cave art
01:05:59 | Burial
01:08:54 | Language
01:12:27 | Social hierarchy
01:13:30 | Compassion
01:16:06 | Arrival of Homo sapiens
01:19:08 | Extinction cause
01:23:15 | Neanderthal genome in Homo sapiens
01:26:15 | Closing